Adrian XH
Under FDA rules, cosmetic ingredients are listed by amount only down to 1%. Below that, the brand can list them in any order. So partway down an ingredient list, order stops meaning anything. Copper Tripeptide-1, the label name for GHK-Cu, can be 1% or 0.01% and sit in the same spot. The list cannot tell …
MGF is a splice variant of the IGF-1 gene, called IGF-1Ec in humans. Resistance exercise raises its mRNA in the muscle of young men. No study has shown that an injected MGF peptide builds muscle, repairs tendon or does anything else in people, and no human trial of it exists. The research splits in two. …
A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the lab’s record of what was in one tested batch: identity, purity and, on better reports, contaminants. For topical peptides it is often the only quality check you get, because the FDA doesn’t pre-approve cosmetic ingredients. So you are trusting the manufacturer, and the COA is your main protection …
Research peptides are synthetic amino acid chains used in experimental settings, not approved medicines. They fall into six types: healing and repair, growth-hormone secretagogues, metabolic, mitochondrial, cognitive and cosmetic. For which peptides have the strongest human evidence, see best peptides by goal. Knowing the type tells you what a peptide was studied for and how …
Bacteriostatic water is sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol added as a preservative, which lets a multi-dose vial be punctured more than once (1). Hospira’s version is a prescription drug, and in August 2026 FDA told a peptide seller that its bacteriostatic water “is a drug” (2). This page covers what the label says, where …
Kratom chewable tablets come in two kinds, and the label often doesn’t say which. One is pressed leaf. The other is extract. That difference sets how strong the tablet is and whether it’s even legal to sell. Leaf tablets and extract tablets A 2026 review of kratom products found native leaf has the lowest total …