Research use only. Nothing on this page is medical advice, and Vesugen isn’t approved for human use.
Vesugen is the tripeptide Lys-Glu-Asp (KED), a bioregulator from Vladimir Khavinson’s group, studied as a blood-vessel peptide. Its best results are in cells: in neurons made from elderly donors’ skin it raised total dendrite length by 42%. The only human study had 32 patients, tested it with Pinealon, and also reported prooxidant activity and fewer CD34+ blood stem cells. No independent trial exists and FDA hasn’t approved it.
- Sequence
- Lys-Glu-Asp (KED), a tripeptide from Vladimir Khavinson’s group
- Origin
- KED was isolated from calf blood-vessel peptide complexes (9)
- Mass and CAS
- 390.4 g/mol by calculation; CAS 204271-66-9 is the free acid (12)
- Claimed target
- Blood vessels and, more recently, neurons
- Human evidence
- One 32-patient study from the same group, with Pinealon (11)
- Independent trials
- None found (13)
- FDA status
- Not approved. Not on FDA’s compounding-risk page or in HHS’s October 2026 policy (14, 15)
- WADA 2026
- S0 catch-all for unapproved substances (16)
What is Vesugen peptide?
Vesugen is the brand name for KED, lysine-glutamate-aspartate, a tripeptide of Khavinson’s cytogens. KED was isolated from polypeptide complexes of calf blood vessels, which is why it is called a vascular bioregulator (9). Our Khavinson peptides guide covers the family and its evidence.
Vesugen studies: every paper and what it found
How to read the table. Limited: small human data from one group. Cells, Mice: lab or animal work only. Warning: a harmful signal was reported. Model: a computer simulation.
| Study | Model | What it reported | Watch-out |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Kozina, 2008Cells and red blood cells in vitro | CellsVesugen showed no direct antioxidant activity. Short peptides limited lipid peroxidation of human lipoproteins and raised intracellular reactive oxygen species (1) | Pinealon, Vilon and Epitalon were tested in the same work | |
| 2Linkova, 2011Pineal gland organ culture | CellsVesugen didn’t change differentiation of pineal immune cells but raised their proliferation potential (2) | Differentiation effects came from Vilon and Epitalon | |
| 3Khavinson, 2012Human prostatic fibroblast culture | CellsVesugen raised the differentiation factors CXCL12 and WEGC1, more in aged cultures (3) | Not a vascular model | |
| 4Khavinson, 2014Endothelial cultures, plus docking | ModelVesugen raised Ki-67, which falls with aging, in cultures from young and old animals. Docking placed it on the MKI67 core promoter, -14 to +12 bp, through the sequence CATC (4) | The docking is a simulation, and the paper says the vasoprotective effect “could be realized” this way | |
| 5Kozlov, 2016Normal, atherosclerotic and restenotic endothelium in vitro | CellsKED normalized raised endothelin-1, restored connexin expression and raised sirtuin-1 (5) | Cell study from the same group, in a Russian-language journal | |
| 6Kraskovskaya, 2017Mouse hippocampal neurons under amyloid stress | CellsKED raised the number of mushroom spines by 20%. EDR raised them 71% (6) | KED was the weaker of the two | |
| 7Khavinson, 20215xFAD Alzheimer’s mice | MiceDaily KED from 2 to 4 months of age tended to raise neuroplasticity, and KED and EDR prevented spine loss in male mice (7) | Figures were corrected in 2025 (8) | |
| 8Kraskovskaya, 2024Neurons made from elderly donors’ fibroblasts | CellsAt 10 µg/mL for 10 days KED raised primary dendrites from 4.59 to 6.06 (+32%, p=0.0093) and total dendrite length by 42% (p=0.0148). Mitochondria, lysosomes and p16 didn’t change (9) | Branching and terminal-process rises (34% and 37%) were not significant | |
| 9Sakhenberg, 2025Fetal stem cells turned into neurons | CellsAEDG and KED lowered p21 by 15% and beta-galactosidase activity by 1.51 to 2.4 times (10) | TUJ-1 and Lamin B1 did not change | |
| 10Meshchaninov, 201532 people aged 41 to 83 with polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome | LimitedVesugen and Pinealon improved biological-age indicators, and Vesugen’s effect was more visible. The report also found prooxidant activity and fewer CD34+ blood stem cells, read by the authors as inhibited blood-cell formation (11) | No control group in the abstract. Vesugen was tested together with Pinealon |
Every paper traces to Khavinson’s group or its collaborators. A 2026 single-author review reaches the same conclusion, that efficacy in longevity medicine is unclear because clinical trials and international replication are limited (17). ClinicalTrials.gov lists no registered Vesugen trial (13).
Does Vesugen work for blood vessels?
The vessel evidence is cell work. In cultured endothelium, KED normalized endothelin-1 that rises in atherosclerosis and restenosis, restored connexin expression and raised sirtuin-1 (5). A 2022 review from the same group links KED to inflammaging markers in cardiovascular cells (18). No controlled human study of blood-vessel outcomes turned up.
How might Vesugen work?
Khavinson’s group proposes that short peptides act on DNA or on the proteins around it. For Vesugen, molecular docking placed it on the MKI67 core promoter, the gene for Ki-67, through the sequence CATC (4). That is a simulation and a hypothesis. The 2024 neuron paper states that KED may act through histone proteins or the nucleosome, and that these peptides affect genes tied to dendrite growth but not mitochondrial or lysosomal genes (9).
Does Vesugen grow neurons?
In a lab model, yes, for dendrites. Researchers turned skin fibroblasts from elderly donors into cortical neurons and treated them with KED at 10 µg/mL for 10 days. Primary dendrites rose 32% and total dendrite length rose 42% (9). The same work found no significant change in mitochondria, lysosomes or the senescence marker p16, so it didn’t show KED repairs aging neurons in general.
Earlier mouse work was weaker. KED raised mushroom spines by 20% in mouse neurons under amyloid stress, against 71% for EDR (6), and it only tended to raise neuroplasticity in Alzheimer’s mice (7). Nobody has tested whether any of this reaches the human brain.
Vesugen vs Pinealon, Epitalon and Cardiogen
| Peptide | Sequence | Claimed target | Best evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Vesugen | KED, Lys-Glu-Asp | Blood vessels | Cell studies of endothelium and dendrites, plus one 32-patient study (11) |
| 2Pinealon | EDR, Glu-Asp-Arg | Brain | Stronger than KED on mushroom spines (71% against 20%) (6) |
| 3Epitalon | AEDG, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | Pineal gland | Maximum lifespan up in mice, longer telomeres in cells. See our Khavinson guide |
| 4Cardiogen | AEDR, Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg | Heart | Cell culture and rat heart explants only |
Vesugen dosage: is there one?
No dose is established. The studies used cell concentrations and mouse injections, and the only human study was a 32-patient report in which Vesugen and Pinealon were tested together (11). Seller schedules don’t come from independent trials.
Vesugen safety and side effects
No adequate safety trials exist. The signals that have been reported:
- Prooxidant activity and fewer CD34+ cells in the 32-patient study, read by the authors as inhibited blood-cell formation (11).
- A narrow safety claim. The same abstract calls the peptides “safe on nuclear genetic level” because chromatin condensation didn’t change. It measured one thing and says the property needs more study (11).
- No toxicology, pharmacokinetic or interaction data turned up.
- Product quality. Gray-market vials vary, and a mislabeled KED vial wastes the experiment.
People with a current or past cancer, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and tested athletes should avoid it.
Is Vesugen approved or legal?
No. FDA hasn’t approved Vesugen, and it doesn’t appear on FDA’s list of bulk substances that may present significant safety risks (14). HHS’s 28 October 2026 interim policy covers six other peptides and excludes research chemicals and supplements (15). WADA’s 2026 List bans any substance without regulatory approval under S0 (16).
How to check a Vesugen vial
Neither SwissChems nor Nextchems lists Vesugen, so hold any seller you find to this checklist.
- Identity by mass spectrometry. KED is 390.4 g/mol by calculation. The look-alike EDR (Pinealon) swaps lysine for arginine and is 418.4, so the two are easy to tell apart on a certificate.
- The right CAS number. 204271-66-9 is the free acid of Lys-Glu-Asp (12). A different end group would carry a different number.
- Measured content in milligrams, a lot number matching your vial and a named laboratory.
Our guide to verifying a peptide COA explains each line, and best peptide vendors compares sellers by what their lab reports show.
Vesugen FAQ
What is Vesugen peptide?
Vesugen is the brand name for the tripeptide Lys-Glu-Asp (KED), from Vladimir Khavinson’s group. It was isolated from calf blood-vessel peptide complexes and has no approved use.
What is the Vesugen amino acid sequence?
Lysine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, written KED or Lys-Glu-Asp. CAS 204271-66-9 is the free acid.
What does Vesugen do?
In lab studies it raised dendrite growth in neurons from elderly donors and normalized endothelial markers such as endothelin-1. No controlled human study of vessel outcomes exists.
What did the 2024 Vesugen study find?
In neurons made from elderly donors’ fibroblasts, KED at 10 µg/mL for 10 days raised primary dendrites 32% and total dendrite length 42%. Mitochondria, lysosomes and p16 did not change.
Is there a Vesugen dosage?
No. No independent trial exists, and the studies used cell concentrations and mouse injections.
Is Vesugen safe?
Unknown. The one human study reported prooxidant activity and fewer CD34+ blood stem cells, and no toxicology data exist.
Is Vesugen FDA approved?
No. FDA has not approved it, it isn’t on FDA’s compounding-risk page, and HHS’s October 2026 interim policy doesn’t cover it.
What is the difference between KED and EDR?
KED is Vesugen and EDR is Pinealon. They share glutamic and aspartic acid, but KED has lysine where EDR has arginine, and EDR is about 28 g/mol heavier.
How does Vesugen differ from Epitalon?
Vesugen (KED) is studied for blood vessels and neurons. Epitalon (AEDG) is studied for the pineal gland and telomeres. They are different peptides with different evidence.
Is Vesugen banned in sport?
Yes. WADA’s 2026 List bans any substance without regulatory approval under S0, which covers Vesugen.
Keep researching: the Khavinson peptides guide, Pinealon, Pancragen, the full list of peptides and bioregulator capsules.
References
Show references (18)Hide references
- Kozina LS, et al. Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro. Adv Gerontol 2008. Source
- Linkova NS, et al. Peptidergic stimulation of differentiation of pineal immune cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2011. Source
- Khavinson VKh, et al. Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012. Source
- Khavinson VKh, et al. Epigenetic aspects of peptidergic regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation during aging. Adv Gerontol 2014. Source
- Kozlov KL, et al. Molecular aspects of vasoprotective peptide KED activity during atherosclerosis and restenosis. Adv Gerontol 2016. Source
- Kraskovskaya NA, et al. Tripeptides restore the number of neuronal spines under conditions of in vitro modeled Alzheimer’s disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017. Source
- Khavinson V, et al. Neuroprotective effects of tripeptides-epigenetic regulators in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmaceuticals 2021. Source
- Correction to Khavinson et al., Pharmaceuticals 2021. Pharmaceuticals 2025. Source
- Kraskovskaya N, et al. Short peptides protect fibroblast-derived induced neurons from age-related changes. Int J Mol Sci 2024. Source
- Sakhenberg E, et al. The influence of short peptides on cell senescence and neuronal differentiation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2025. Source
- Meshchaninov VN, et al. Effect of synthetic peptides on aging of patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome in remission. Adv Gerontol 2015. Source
- PubChem. Lys-Glu-Asp (lysyl-glutamyl-aspartic acid), CAS 204271-66-9. Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov search for vesugen: no registered trials. Source
- FDA. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks (content dated 22 April 2026). Source
- BakerHostetler. HHS issues enforcement discretion policy regarding 503A compounding using certain peptide bulk drug substances. 28 October 2026. Source
- WADA. The 2026 Prohibited List. Source
- Caquetti LFM. Peptide bioregulators, aging and human longevity: Epithalon, Thymalin, Thymogen, DSIP, Vilon and Vesugen. Int Blest Sci 2026. Source
- Khavinson V, et al. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype of cardiovascular system cells and inflammaging: perspectives of peptide regulation. Cells 2022. Source
